Part I writing (30 minutes)
Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic Starting Career in a Big City or Small Town? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 很多的大学生毕业后留在大城市工作;
2. 也有人选择到小城镇开始自己的职业生涯;
3. 结合自己的实际情况谈谈自己的想法。
注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Part 1I Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.
长篇阅读
Paper--More than Meets the Eye
A) We are surrounded by so much paper and card that it is easy to forget just how complex it is. There are many varieties and grades of paper materials, and whilst it is fairly easy to spot the varieties, it is far more difficult to spot the grades.
B) It needs to be understood that most paper and card is manufactured for a specific purpose, so that whilst the corn-flake packet may look smart, it is clearly not something destined for the archives. It is made to look good, but only needs a limited life span. It is also much cheaper to manufacture than high grade card.
C) Paper can be made from an almost endless variety of cellulose-based material which will include many woods, cottons and grasses or which papyrus is an example and from where we get the word "paper". Many of these are very specialized, but the preponderance of paper making has been from soft wood and cotton or rags, with the bulk being wood-based.
Paper from Wood
D) In order to make wood into paper it needs to be broken down into fine strands. Firstly by powerful machinery and then boiled with strong alkalies such as caustic soda, until a fine pulp of cellulose fibers is produced. It is from this pulp that the final product is made, relying on the bonding together of the cellulose into layers. That, in a very small nutshell, is the essence of paper making from wood. However, the reality is rather more complicated. In order to give us our white paper and card, the makers will add bleach and other materials such as china clay and additional chemicals.
E) A further problem with wood is that it contains a material that is not cellulose. Something called lignin. This is essential for the tree since it holds the cellulose fibres together, but if it is incorporated into the manufactured paper it presents archivists with a problem. Lignin eventually breaks down and releases acid products into the paper. This will weaken the bond between the cellulose fibers and the paper will become brittle and look rather brown and careworn. We have all seen this in old newspapers and cheap paperback books. It has been estimated that most paper back books will have a life of not greater than fifty years. Not what we need for our archives.
F) Since the lignin can be removed from the paper pulp during manufacture, the obvious question is "why is it left in the paper?" The answer lies in the fact that lignin makes up a considerable part of the tree. By leaving the lignin in the pulp a papermaker can increase his paper yield from a tree to some 95%. Removing it means a yield of only 35%. It is clearly uneconomic to remove the lignin for many paper and card applications.
G) It also means, of course, that lignin-free paper is going to be more expensive, but that is nevertheless what the archivist must look for in his supplies. There is no point whatsoever in carefully placing our valuable artifacts in paper or card that is going to hasten their demise. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials, causing them to fade and is some cases simply vanish!
H) So, how do we tell a piece of suitable paper or card from one that is unsuitable? You cannot do it by simply looking, and rather disappointingly, you cannot always rely on the label. "Acid-free" might be true inasmuch as a test on the paper may indicate that it is a neutral material at this time. But lignin can take years before it starts the inevitable process of breaking down, and in the right conditions it will speed up enormously.
I) Added to this, as I have indicated earlier, paper may also contain other materials added during manufacture such as bleach, china clay, chemical whiteners and size. This looks like a bleak picture, and it would be but for the fact that there are suppliers who will guarantee the material that they sell. If you want to be absolutely sure that you are storing in, or printing on, the correct material then this is probably the only way.
J) Incidentally, acids can migrate from material to material. Lining old shoe boxes with good quality acid-free paper will do little to guard the contents. The acid will get there in the end.
Paper from Rag
K) Paper is also commonly made from cotton and rag waste. This has the advantage of being lignin-free, but because there is much less cotton and rag than trees, it also tends to be much more expensive than wood pulp paper. You will still need to purchase from a reliable source though, since even rag paper and card can contain undesirable additives.
L) A reliable source for quality rag papers is a recognized art stockiest. Many water color artists insist on using only fine quality rag paper and board.
M) The main lesson to learn from this information is that you cannot rely on purchasing archival materials from the high street. The only safe solution is to purchase from specialist suppliers. It may cost rather more, but in the end you will know that your important and valuable data and images have the best home possible.
1. The corn-flake packet is cheaper than high grade card.
2. There are a lot of materials which can be used for making paper, but the superiority ones are soft wood, cotton and rags.
3. During the whole manufacturing process, the final product is made from a pulp of cellulose fibres.
4. In order to make white paper and card, the makers will add bleach.
5. Liguin is essential for the tree but it will make paper easy to break.
6. Many paper producers will preserve lignin during manufacture, because leaving the lignin will make more paper from a tree.
7. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials.
8. If the lignin is removed from the paper, the paper will be more expensive.
9. Although free of lignin, paper made from cotton and rag waste can also cost more money than wood pulp paper because there is much less cotton and rag than trees.
10. What we can learn from "Paper from Rag" is that you had better buy archival materials from specialist suppliers.
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
A college education is an investment in the future. But it can be a 11 one. The College Board 12 that the costs at a four-year public college in the United States increased 10% this past school year. That was less than the 13% increase the year before, but still much higher than the inflation 13 Public colleges and universities still cost a lot less than private ones.
Financial aid often helps. But financial experts 14 parents to start college savings plans when their child is still very young.
All fifty states and the District of Columbia 15 what are called 5 - 29 plans. These plans are named after the part of the federal tax law that created them in 1996. States use private investment companies to operate the 16 of the programs.
Every state has its own rules 17 5 - 29 plans. Some of the plans are 18 of state taxes. And all are not required to pay federal taxes. However, the government could start to tax withdrawals (取钱) in 2011 if Congress does not change the law.
5 -29 plans include investment accounts that increase or decrease in value with the investments they contain. Families must decide how 19 they want to put money into stocks, or other investments.
Another kind of 5 - 29 plan lets parents begin to pay for their child’ s education in 20 and long before their child starts college. This kind of savings program is called a prepaid tuition plan. The money goes into an account to pay for an education at a public college or university in the family’s home state.
A) aggressively
F) consumes
K) free
B) estimates
G) costly
L) majority
C) offer
H) decline
M) advance
D) automatically
I) advise
N) governing
E) rate
J) capable
O) general
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passages is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passages.
Most shoplifters agree that the January sales offer wonderful opportunities for the hard-working thief. With the shops so crowded and the staff so busy, it does not require any extraordinary talent to help yourself to one or two little things and escape unnoticed. It is known, in the business, as "hoisting".
But the hoisting game is not what it used to be. Even at the height of the sales, shoplifters today never know if they are being watched by one of those evil little balls that hang from the ceilings of so many department stores above the most desirable goods.
As if that was not trouble enough for them, they can now be filmed at work and obliged to attend a showing of their performance in court.
Selfridges was the first big London store to install closed-circuit video-tape equipment to watch its sales floors. In October last year the store won its first court case for shoplifting using as evidence a videotape clearly showing a couple stealing dresses. It was an important test case which encouraged other stores to install similar equipment.
When the balls, called sputniks, first make an appearance in shops it was widely believed that their only function was to frighten shoplifters. Their somewhat ridiculous appearance, the curious holes and red lights going on and off, certainly make the theory believable.
It did not take long, however, for serious shoplifters to start showing suitable respect. Soon after the equipment was in operation at Selfridges, store detective Brian Chadwick was sitting in the control room watching a woman secretly putting bottles of perfume into her bag.
"As she turned to go," Chadwick recalled, "she suddenly looked up at the sputnik and stopped. She could not possibly have seen that the camera ‘was trained on her because it is completely hidden, but she must have had a feeling that I was looking at her.
"For a moment she paused, but then she returned to counter and started putting everything back. When she had finished, she opened her bag towards the camera to show it was empty and hurried out of the store.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
21. January is a good month for shoplifters because --
A) they don’t need to wait for staff to serve Them
B) they don’t need any previous experience as thieves
C) there are so many people in the store
D) there are more goods in the shops
22. The spumiks hanging from the ceiling are intended
A) as an amusing kind of decoration
B) to make films That can be used in evidence
C) to frighten shoplifters by their appearance
D) to be used as evidence against shoplifters
23. The case last October was important because --
A) the store got the dresses back
B) it repaid the investment on the equipment
C) other shops found out about the equipment
D) the kind of evidence supplied was accepted
24. The woman stealing perfume
A) guessed what the sputniks were for B) was frightened by its shape
C) could see the camera filming her r D) knew that the detective had seen her
25. The woman’s action before leaving the store shows that she
A) was sorry for what she had done
B) was afraid she would be arrested
C) decided she didn’t want what she had picked up
D) wanted to prove she had not intended to steal anything
Passage Two
Questions 26 to30 are based on the following passage.
In a recent article, mathematician Aczel argues convincingly that the number of planets suitable for life is extremely large. There are about 300 billion stars in our galaxy (银河系 ) and possibly 100 billion galaxies in the universe. Some may quarrel with Aczel’ s claim that as many as half of these stars can be presumed to have planets, and that on average one in nine of those planets is suitable for life; but few, I think, will disagree with his conclusion that there are a very large number of planets suitable for life.
The trouble starts when we come to estimate the probability that life will emerge on any of these planets. The problem is that we don’ t have a good theory of the origin of life on earth. Without one, it is anybody’ s guess how likely this event actually was. Out of thin air Aczel conjures the figure of 1 in a trillion for this likelihood and concludes that the probability of life existing on at least one other planet is virtually 1.
Statistics are extremely powerful and important, and Aczel is a very clear and capable exponent (倡导者) of them. But statistics cannot substitute for empirical (经验主义的) knowledge about the way the universe behaves. We now have no reasonable way of arriving at robust estimates for the probability of life arising spontaneously when the conditions are right. So, until we either discover extraterrestrial (外星球的 ) life or understand far more about how at least one form of life----terrestrial life----first appeared, we can do little more than guess at the likelihood that life exists elsewhere in the universe. And as long as we’ re merely guessing, we should not dress up our interesting speculations as mathematical certainties.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
26. The term "Out of thin air" in Line 3 of Paragraph 2 can be best replaced by__________.
A) convincingly B) confidently C) groundlessly D) suitably
27. According to the passage, what we can do about the likelihood of extraterrestrial life is to _____.
A) find a good way of reaching a conclusion
B) construct a good theory of the origin of life
C) replace statistics with empirical knowledge
D) find whether the conditions for life are right
27. Though challenged by many people, Aczel firmly believes that ______.
A) about 1 million planets in our galaxy are suitable for life
B) it is very likely for life to exist on other planets
C) life exists in approximately 150 billion stars in our galaxy
D) there are a very large number of planets suitable for life
29. What is the author’s attitude towards assumptions based on statistical evidence?
A) positive B) objective C) doubtful D) optimistic
30. The author’ s purpose in writing this article is to _______.
A) tell the reader not to rely only on statistics when dealing with the universe
B) encourage the reader to do some researches about the extraterrestrial life
C) tell the reader something about possible extraterrestrial life on other planets
D) show his interest in Aczel’ s research in extraterrestrial life on other planets
Part V
VI. Translation
Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
图腾他的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。 中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。 中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。
参考答案
Part I Writing (范文)
Starting Career in a Big City or Small Town?
Want to be a small fish in a big pond or the other way round? Every graduate faces this question when he starts his career. A large number of college graduates prefer to stay in the big cities. To them, big cities mean more experiences, more opportunities to see the big world and more space for career development. At the same time, higher salary is another temptation.
But some other graduates want to start in small towns. Even though there may not be many big companies, they can have a quieter and less competitive life. Another reason is that they can be a big fish in a small pond. They can easily get the management's attention and may win promotion earlier.
As far as I am concerned, I prefer to start in a metropolis like Shanghai. A good begin is half the battle, and in Shanghai I can find a job in a big company where I can meet people from different places and cultures. I will learn from them what I can not get from textbooks.
Part 1I
文章精要：
本文主要介绍了我们平常所见所用的纸的复杂性，通过介绍用木头和破布料造纸的过程，使我们对纸的类别、属性有了更深入的了解。
答案参考：
1. B 根据题干中的信息提示词corn—flake packet,high grade card,可定位到文章第二段，该部分最后提到corn-flake packet在制造过程中比高等级的纸(high grade card)便宜.
2. C 根据题干中的信息提示词soft wood，cotton and rags，可定位到文章第三段最后一句。
3. D 根据题干中的信息提示词final product，可将答案定位到D段，第二、三句提到最后的产品来源于纤维素纸浆。
4. D 根据题干中的信息提示词white paper and card，可将答案定位到D段，该部分最后提到为了得到白纸，纸张生产者在制造过程中添加了漂白粉和其他化学物质。
5. E 根据题干中的信息提示词essential for the tree，可将答案定位到E段，该部分提到木质素是木头的主要组成物，其作用是凝聚纤维素，但它会使纸张变得易碎。
6. F 根据题干中的信息提示词lignin，可将答案定位到F段，该部分最后提到许多纸张生产者在生产过程中会保留木质素，主要是因为它会增加树木的造纸产量。
7. G 根据题干中的信息提示词acid，可将答案定位到G段，该部分最后提到酸对相纸的原料尤其不利。
8. F 根据题干中的信息提示词lignin和paper可定位到文章的F段，因为该段提到，如果在纸张的生产中去除木质素，将会降低树木出产纸张的量，由此可以知道，去除了木质素的纸张价格必定会更加昂贵。
9. K 根据题干中的信息提示词cotton and rag waste可定位到文章的K段，该部分告诉我们，尽管用棉花和破布料造的纸里没有木质素，但它们要比木制的纸贵很多，这是因为棉花和破布料的数量比树木少得多，由此可以得出答案。
10. M 根据题干中的信息提示词Paper from Ra9可定位到文章的最后一段，该部分提出最好到专业的供应商那里去买档案材料，由此可以得出答案。
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
11.G 根据结构分析可知此处需填人一个形容词或相当于形容词功能的词来修饰one，可选范围缩小到G、J、K、N和O，根据文章的主题：5—29计划对支付昂贵的高等教育费用的帮助，以及本段中下文对高等教育费用的具体介绍，特别是第3个空前的higher，可判断答案为G。
12.B 此处需要填人一个动词，而且因为主语是第三人称单数，故可选范围缩小到B和F，把两个单词分别放人空白处，根据我们的逻辑可判断B为正确答案。
13.E 根据句子结构分析，可判断此处可填人一个名词或动名词，也可填人一个副词作整个句子的状语，可选范围为A、C、D、E、L、M和N，但是根据前半句That was less than the13% increase the year’before对教育费用增长率的介绍可推断后半句应该是与物价上涨(inflation)的增长率(rate)的对比，故正确答案为E。
14.I 此处需要填入一个动词，而且因为主语是复数，故可选范围缩小到C、H、I和M，根据上下文的逻辑关系以及和动词不定式的搭配(只有advise和动词不定式搭配)可判断正确答案为I。
15.C 此处需要填人一个动词，而且因为主语是复数，故可选范围缩小到C、H和M;另外这里需要的是一个及物动词，故可排除M，根据下文对这些plans的介绍可以判断这里是提供而不是拒绝这些计划，故可判断正确答案为C。
16.L 根据结构分析可知此处需填入一个名词或动词，故可选范围缩小至C，L，M和N;根据逻辑可以判断operate和offer，advance搭配不合理，而governing和plan搭配不合理，故可判断正确答案为L。
17.N 根据句子结构分析可判断此处可填入一个介词或者动名词以修饰rules，根据上下文可知这里要表达的意思是每个州都有自己的指导5—29计划的法规，据此可判断正确答案为N。
18.K 根据句子结构分析可判断此处需要填人一个形容词或动词的分词形式，选择范围缩小到J、K和O，根据下文AndaUarenotrequiredtOpayfederaltaxes可判断正确答案为K。
19.A 此处需要填入一个副词作状语，选择范围缩小到A、D，分别放人空白处，可判断正确答案为A。
20.M 位于介词in之后，此处只能填人名词或动名词，根据下文and long before their child starts college可判断这里表达的意思是预先缴费，故正确答案为M。
Section B
Passage One
21.C 该题问考生“一月份对shoplifters(从超市偷东西的小偷)是美妙的月份，原因是 ---。”解答该题应定位在第一段第二行，“with the shops so crowded and the staff so busy(商店如此拥挤，营业员十分忙碌)…”。C项应该是正确答案。A项表示：他们不需要等候营业员服务。B项表示：他们不需要以往做贼的经验。D项表示：商店里有更多的东西。
22.B 问题问这些悬挂在天花板上的小球的功能是什么。依据第三段“...，they can now be filmed at work and obliged to attend a showing of their performance in court.”(作案时被摄制下来，并且被迫在法庭上观看)，可以确定，选项B应为正确答案。A项说“作为一种有趣的装饰物”显然不对。文章第五段确实谈到了当这些闪烁不定的小球刚亮相时，许多人认为它是用来吓唬人的。但随后的第六段对此进行了否定，所以C项“用外表来吓唬小偷们”不是正确答案。前面讲到这些小球是用来摄像的，而小球本身不可能作为证据指控shoplifters。所以D项也不对。
23.D 该题有一定难度。主要干扰项体现在C、D两项。C项说“其他商店搞明白了该设备的功能”。D项说“这种证据被(法庭)接受了”。依据题干，答案应定位在文章第四段，尤其是最后一句"It was an important test case which encouraged other stores to install similar equipment.”其中最关键的词应该是“test case”(判例案件)，说明该诉讼案件的判例可供以后类似案件的判例作为比照，直接导致其他商家纷纷安装相似设备是因为这种证据(录像带)被法庭接受了。据此，D项为正确答案，。
24.A 依据文章第七段，偷香水的女人不可能看到对着她的camera，因为"it is completely hidden”。所以C项错。B项在前面题目中就已排除。第六段提到detective Brian Chadwick坐在监控室，D项也不对。再依据第七段第一、二行，可推断该妇女猜到了这些小球是干什么的。所以A项正确。
25.B 该题干扰项主要在B、D两项。该妇女在离开商店前返回到柜台，把包里的东西放回，明确说明她有偷东西的企图，只是离开时看到这些小球才突然停下来。所以D项是不对的。
Passage Two
26.C 语义题。根据上下文可知，作者对Aczel的观点和statistics(数据)持怀疑的态度。而且这里在对Aczel的观点进行描述时，根据前一句“Without one，讧is anybody’s guess how likely this event actually was.”可知因为Aczel的观点不是基于一个令人信服的有关地球生命起源的理论之上的。Out of thin air所在句用的动词为conjure(想像)，所以这里out of thin air应为“无中生有的”、“没有根据的”的意思。故答案为C。
27.B 细节题。根据最后一段第四句“SO，until we either discover extraterrestrial life Or understand far more about how at least one form Of life—terrestrial life—first appeared，we can do littlemorethanguessatthelikel~oodthatlifeexistselsewhereintheuniverse，’’大意是：除非我们发现了外星生物，或至少了解一种地球生命的起源，否则我们对外星生命存在的可能性的判断都只能是猜测而已。可知我们现在所缺乏的是a good theory of the origin of life on earth，故答案为B。
28.B 细节题。题干问“尽管遭到质疑，Aczel仍然坚信的观点是什么”。根据第一段的描述进行简单的数学计算可知选项A和C均为误。根据第二段最后一句“Aczel conjures...and concludes that the probability Of life existing On at least one other planet is virtually1”, 可知Aczel是坚信其他行星上肯定有生命存在的，但是根据第一段中Some may quarrel with Aczel’s claim that as many as haft of these stars can be presumed to have planets可知这一观点遭到了质疑，故选项B正确。选项D有一定的迷惑性，虽然它是Aczel坚信的观点，但是正如作者所说，few will disagree with his conclusion that there are a very large number Of planets suitable for life，故选项D为误。答案为B。
29.C 观点态度题。根据最后一段But statistics cannot substitute for empirical和we should not dressup our interesting speculations朋mathematical certainties可知，作者对基于统计数据的假设是持一种怀疑的态度，故答案为C。
30.A 写作意图题。根据文章的主旨、本文的基调以及最后一句：And as long as we’re merely guessing，we should not dress up our interesting speculations as mathematical certainties (只要我们还仅仅是在猜测，我们就不应该用数学意义上的确定性来装饰我们的趣味十足的遐想)，故答案为A。
V.译文：
Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years. The ancients in China considered the dragon (or loong) a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.