Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause you must read the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) , and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
1A) In a phone booth. B) In a friend’s house.
C) At home. D) In her office.
2. A) He was the only person who helped. B) He shouldn’t have helped.
C) He was well-intentioned D) He finds it hard to paint the fence.
3. A) He doesn’t enjoy apple juice.
B) He had a car crash this morning.
C) He drank up the whole quarter of juice.
D) He broke the container of the apple juice.
4. A) He has been to Seattle many times
B) He has chaired a lot of conferences.
C) He holds a high position in his company
D) He lived in Seattle for many years.
5. A) In front of the check-in.
B) At the departure gate.
C) In a ship.
D) On a plane.
6. A) The test was harder than she had expected.
B) She was satisfied with her test performance.
C) She was lucky to pass the test.
D) The test was as challenging as she had expected.
7. A) To tell him they are going to a concert.
B) To tell him when the concert begins.
C) To invite him to go to a concert.
D) To tell him they are too busy to go to concert with him.
8. A) Customer and salesman
B) Classmates
C) Co-workers.
D) Phone operator and salesman.
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9. A) Children’s education.
B) Cultural programs in school.
C) School board election.
D) School budget.
10. A) Disapproving.
B) Supportive.
C) Indifferent.
D) Sympathetic.
11. A) The cultural programs will be cut.
B) The tax will be raised.
C) She might be beat by Carter Boswell.
D) Carter Boswell might fail to keep his promise.
12. A) To complain to the school headmaster.
B) To seek help from other parents.
C) To persuade Boswell to change his mind.
D) To run for the school board as Boswell’s rival.
Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
13. A) To go to the grocery store before it closes.
B) To carry her groceries home.
C) To move to a new place.
D) To get a ride home with James
14. A) To take care of their pets when they are on vacation.
B) To organize a welcome party when they are back from vacation.
C) To see them off at the airport.
D) To do some shopping for them while they are away from home.
15. A) They took her on a vacation with them.
B) They’re pay for her education.
C) They invited her to their party.
D) They let her live with them rent-free.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer for the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line though the center.
Passage One
Questions16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) Whether it’s necessary to place labels on foods.
B) What the daily requirements for certain nutrients should be.
C) What information food manufacturers should provide to consumers.
D) How to get consumers to read labels more carefully.
17. A) To explain that current consumers tend to be more curious.
B) To indicate that most consumers research the products they buy.
C) To compare current consumer trends with those of the past.
D) To show that there has been a decrease in consumer awareness.
18. A) Stricter quality standards for prepared foods.
B) Regular inspection of food products.
C) Reasonable pricing of food products.
D) More detailed labels on food.
19. A) They were not able to comprehend a label without percentages.
B) They preferred more attractive labels.
C) They were more willing to read simple, concise labels.
D) They thought the description on labels was too technical.
Passage Two
Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.
20. A) Enthusiastic.
B) Disapproving.
C) Objective.
D) Supportive.
21. A) It is much more dangerous than any other sports.
B) It takes must shorter time to get excitement.
C) It is harder to find a proper place for it.
D) It costs much more to organize it.
22. A) They want to escape from modern life.
B) They have more free time and money.
C) They want to maintain an adventurous spirit.
D) They are searching for excitement.
Passage Three
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
23. A) Leaves that have an offensive taste.
B) Leaves that have turned brown.
C) Leaves that smell awful.
D) Leaves that bees find disgusting.
24. A) By waving their branches.
B) By giving off a special vapor.
C) By changing the color of its leaves.
D) By changing the chemistry of its trunk.
25. A) It seems perfectly reasonable.
B) It is unbelievable.
C) It is more complicated than the communication system among bees.
D) It is as interesting as human communication.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 26 to 39 with the exact words you have just heard. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
Can time travel really be done? Physicists think that travel into future is possible. Einstein’s special theory of (26)________, published in 1905, predicted that time should bi elastic(弹性的), stretching or (27)_______ as an observer moves. To get a really big time leap it is (28)_______ to travel at near the speed of light — 300,000 km per second. At 99% of this speed, a 29)_______ trip to a distant star and back would take 15 months, but travelers would return home to find that nearly nine years had passed on Earth. In (30)_______, you would have leapt several years into Earth’s future.
Gravity offers another way to slow time. On the Earth’s (31)______, clocks tick a little slower than on the moon, for example. Near a black hole, gravity is so (32)_______ that time is slowed to a crawl relative to us. These facts are accepted by almost all scientists. Traveling forwards in time has been (33)_______ convincingly in experiments, but the possibility of traveling when a physicist named Stockhum investgated what might happen to an observer who orbits a rapidly spinning cylinder. He showed it was(34)_______ to travel in a closed loop and return to your starting point before you left.
Worm holes are similar to black holes, but there exists a key difference. Whereas black holes offer a one-way (35)______ to nowhere—fall in and you never get out worm holes have an exit as well a3 an entrance. To find whether such an idea can be taken seriously, scientists at California Institute of Technology investigated what it would take for such a short cut though space to exist. They found that if you tried to make a worm hole out Of any normal form Of matter，it would (36)_____under its own gravity and turn into a black hole.
For a worm hole to remain stable, it would have to be made of exotic material that would create an anti-gravity force.
Keys
1.A 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.B 6.A 7. C 8. C 9. C
10.A 11.A 12.D 13.B 14.B 15.D 16. C 17. B 18. D
19.A 20.C 21.B 22.D 23.A 24.B 25. A
26.relativity 27.shrink/rig 28.necessary 29.rocket
30.effect 31.surface 32.intense 33.demonstrated
34.possible
35.journey
36.collapse
Hate Your Job? Here’s How to Reshape It
A) Once upon a time, if you hated your job, you either quit or bit your lip. These days, a group of researchers is trumpeting a third option: shape your job so ifs more fruitful than futile.
B) "We often get trapped into thinking about our job as a list of things to do and a list of responsibilities," says Amy Wrzesniewski, an associate professor at the Yale School of Management. "But what if you set aside that mind-set?" If you could adjust what you do, she says, "who would you start talking to, what other tasks would you take on, and who would you work with?"
C) To make livelihoods more lively, Wrzesniewski and her colleagues Jane Dutton and Justin Berg have developed a methodology they call job-crafting. They’re working with Fortune 500 companies, smaller firms and business schools to change the way Americans think about work. The idea is to make all jobs--even mundane (平凡的) ones---more meaningful by empowering employees to brainstorm and implement subtle but significant workplace adjustments.
Step 1: Rethink Your Job--Creatively
D) "The default some people wake up to is dragging themselves to work and facing a list of things they have to do," says Wrzesniewski. So in the job-crafting process, the first step is to think about your job holistically. You first analyze how much time, energy and attention you devote to your various tasks. Then you reflect on that allocation( 分配). See I0 perfect jobs for the recession--and after.
E) Take, for example, a maintenance technician at Burt’s Bees, which makes personal-care products. He was interested in process engineering, though that wasn’t part of his job description. To alter the scope of his day-to-day activities, the technician asked a supervisor if he could spend some time studying an idea he had for making the firm’s manufacturing procedures more energy-efficient. His ideas proved helpful, and now process engineering is part of the scope of his work.
F) Barbara Fredrickson, author of Positivity and a professor of psychology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, says it’s crucial for people to pay attention to their workday emotions. "Doing so," she says, "will help you discover which aspects of your work are most life-giving-and most life-draining."
G) Many of us get stuck in ruts (惯例 ). Berg, a Ph.D. student at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania who helped develop the job-crafting methodology, says we all benefit from periodically rethinking what we do. "Even in the most constraining jobs, people have a certain amount of wiggle room," he says. "Small changes can have a real impact on life at work."
Step 2: Diagram Your Day
H) To lay the groundwork for change, job-crafting participants assemble diagrams detailing their workday activities. The first objective is to develop new insights about what you actually do at work. Then you can dream up fresh ways to integrate what the job-crafting exercise calls your "strengths, motives and passions" into your daily routine. You convert task lists into flexible building blocks. The end result is an "after" diagram that can serve as a map for specific changes.
I) lna Lockau-Vogel, a management consultant who participated in a recent job-crafting workshop, says the exercise helped her adjust her priorities. "Before, 1 would spend so much time reacting to requests and focusing on urgent tasks that I never had time to address the real important issues." As part of the job-crafting process, she decided on a strategy for delegating and outsourcing (外包) more of her administrative responsibilities.
J) In contrast to business books that counsel, managers to influence workers through incentives, job-crafting focuses on what employees themselves can do to re-envision and adjust what they do every day. Given that according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, it now takes the average job seeker more than six months to find a new position, it’s crucial to make the most of the job you’ve got.
Step 3: Identify Job Loves and Hates
K) By reorienting (使适应 ) how you think about your job, you free yourself up for new ideas about how to restructure your workday time and energy. Take an IT worker who hates dealing with technologically incompetent callers. He might enjoy teaching more than customer service. By spending more time instructing colleagues--and treating help-line callers as curious students of tech--the disgruntled IT person can make the most of his 9-to-5 position.
L) Dutton, a professor at the University of Michigan’s Ross School of Business, says she has seen local auto-industry workers benefit from the job-crafting process. "They come in looking worn down, but after spending two hours on this exercise, they come away thinking about three or four things they can do differently."
M) "They start to recognize they have more control over their work than they realized," says Dutton, who parmered with Wrzesniewski on the original job-crafting research.
Step 4: Put Your Ideas into Action
N) To conclude the job-crafting process, participants list specific follow-up steps: Many plan a one-0n-one meeting with a supervisor to propose new project ideas. Others connect with colleagues to talk about trading certain tasks. Berg says as long as their goals are met, many managers are happy to let employees adjust how they work.
O) Job-crafting isn’t about revenue, per se, but juicing up ( 活跃 ) employee engagement may end up beefing up the bottom line. Amid salary, job and benefit cuts, more and more workers are disgruntled. Surveys show that more than 50% aren’t happy with what they do. Dutton, Berg and Wrzesniewski argue that emphasizing enjoyment can boost efficiency by lowering turnover rates and jacking up productivity. Job-crafting won’t rid you of a lousy boss or a subpar salary, but it does offer some remedies for job dissatisfaction. If you can’t ditch or switch a job, at least make it more likable.
37. A long time ago when a person hated his/her job, he/she will resign or bear it.
38. Amy Wrzesniewski think job could be adjusted.
39. Your first thing to do in the job-crafting process is to think about your job wholly .
40. The idea of a maintenance technician at Burt’s Bees turned out to be helpful and energy-efficient.
41. Berg’s suggestion about work is to rethink and make small changes.
42. According to Ina Lockau-Vogel, the benefit from job-crafting is that it helps her set priorities properly.
43. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the situation in job market is ---it is difficult to find a job.
44. Dutton has seen that local auto-industry workers profit from the job-crafting process.
45. According to Berg, if the job-crafting process is successful, the supervisors are willing to let employees adjust what to do.
46. If you can’t quit your job, using job-crafting may at least offer some remedies for job dissatisfaction.
答案：
文章精要
日常生活中，人们往往认为工作是一些不得不做的任务、不得不承担的责任。以前，当人们讨厌他们的工作时，通常会辞职或掩饰不满。而耶鲁大学管理学院的副教授Amy Wrzesniewski及其同事却提出了一个新的理念：雕琢工作(job—crafting)。文章通过举例子，讲述了如何运用这种方法来改变人们对工作的看法，使工作更讨人喜欢。
37. A
根据题干信息词hated和job定位到文章首句：从前，如果你讨厌你的工作，要么辞职，要么掩饰自己的不满，bite one’s lip意为“努力掩饰某人的怒火或不满”。
38. B
根据题于信息词Amy Wrzesniewski和job定位到文章第二段，即：我们经常会陷入这种思维定势，认为我们的工作就是一系列要做的事情和一系列责任，但是，如果你换一种心态呢?如果做些什么可以调整这种心态呢?也就是说Amy Wrzesniewski认为工作是可以调整的，故选段落B。
39. D
A根据题于信息词first和in the job-crafting process定位到第一个小标题下的首段第二句：在job-crafting的过程中，首先就是要整体考虑你的工作，故选段落D。holistically意为“整体地，全盘地”。原文的意思是先整体考虑，然后是具体分析时间、能量、注意力如何分配到不同的任务中。
40. E
根据题干信息词At Burt’s Bees和maintenance technician定位到第一个小标题下的第二段：在Burt’s Bees的一个技术人员，对程序工程感兴趣，虽然这不属于他的职责范畴，但为了改变他日常工作的范围，他争取到一些时间研究出一个点子使公司的生产过程更节能，最后，他成功了。
41. G
根据题干信息词Berg定位到第一个小标题下最后一段。Berg说道：阶段性的反思会让我们受益，即便是最受限制的工作也有改动的余地，一些小改变对工作状态会有实实在在的影响。故本题选段落G。
42. I
根据题干信息词job-crafting和Ina Lockau—Vogel定位到文章第二个小标题下的第二段：Ina提到，她参加了一个job—crafting研讨会，在那的训练帮助她调整事情的优先级别，priority意为“优先，优先权”，故选段落I。
43. J
根据题干信息词the Bureau of Labor Statistics定位到文章第二个标题下的第三段末句：根据劳动统计局的数据，现在找一个新工作平均需要6个月，最大限度去做好你现在的工作是至关重要的，由此可知本题选段落J。
44. L
根据题干信息词Dutton和local auto-industry workers定位到文章第三个小标题下的第二段：Dutton说她已经看到当地汽车行业的工作者受益于job—crafting的过程。
45. N
根据题干信息词the job—crafting process和employees定位到文章第四个小标题下的第一段末句：Berg说，一旦他们的目标实现，许多管理者都乐意让他们的员工安排他们怎样工作，题干中的be willing to意为“愿意，乐意”，与be happy to同义。
46. O
根据题于信息词quit，at least和for job dissatisfaction定位到文章末段最后两句：job-crafting不会使你摆脱糟糕的老板或低廉的薪水，但是它可以为你对工作的不满提供补救。如果你不能丢弃或换掉工作，至少可以让工作更讨人喜欢，由此选段落O。
Text 1
No one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstance. Uniforms are demeaning to the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic society. Uniforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of the whole. The individual in a uniform loses all self-worth. There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a large, more important concept. What could be more important than the individual oneself? If an organization is so weak that it must rely on cloth and buttons to inspire its members, that organization has no right to continue its existence.
Others say that the practice of making persons wear uniforms, say in school, eliminates all envy and competition in a matter of dress, such that a poor person who cannot afford good-quality clothing, why would anyone strive to be better? It is only a short step from forcing everyone to wear the same clothing to forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of house, eat the same type of food. When this happens, all incentive to improve one’s life is removed. Why would parents bother to work hard so that their children could have a better life than they had when they know that their children are going to be forced to have exactly the same life that they had? Uniforms also hurt the economy. Right now, billions of dollars are spent on the fashion industry yearly.
Thousands of persons are employed in designing, creating, and marketing different types of clothing. If everyone were forced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would be unnecessary. Salespersons would be superfluous as well: why bother to sell the only items that are available? The wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion industry which in turn would have a ripple effect on such industries as advertising and promotion. Without advertising, newspapers, magazines, and television would not be able to remain in business. Our entire information and entertainment industries would founder.
47、The author’s viewpoint on uniforms can best be described as __________.
A. practical
B. hysterical
C. radical
D. critical
【正确答案】C
48、Judged from its style, this passage might be found in __________.
A. a children’s comics book
B. an editorial in a paper
C. a sociology textbook
D. a political platform
【正确答案】B
49、It can be inferred that the author believes that __________.
A. individuals have no self-worth when they become part of an organization
B. individuals are more important than organizations
C. individuals are not so important as organizations
D. individuals are the same important as organizations
【正确答案】B
50、The author brings in the example of a parent striving to make life better for his children to make the point that __________.
A. parents have responsibilities for their children
B. uniforms would be less expensive than clothing for children
C. uniforms cause dissension between parents and children
D. individual motivation would be destroyed by uniforms
【正确答案】D
51、The last word of the passage "founder" probably means __________.
A. collapse
B. shrink
C. disappear
D. establish
Text 2
Now let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text, our eyes move across a page in short, jerky movement. We recognize words usually when our eyes are still when they fixate. Each time they fixate, we see a group of words. This is known as the recognition span or the visual span. The length of time ofr which the eyes stop ---the duration of the fixation ----varies considerably from person to person. It also vaies within any one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Furthermore, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness.
Unfortunately, in the past, many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the printed page. As a result of this misleading emphasis on the purely visual aspects of reading, numerous exercises have been devised to train the eyes to see more words at one fixation. For instance, in some exercises, words are flashed on to a screen for, say, a tenth or a twentieth of a second. One of the exercises has required students to fix their eyes on some central point, taking in the words on either side. Such word patterns are often constructed in the shape of rather steep pyramids so the reader takes in more and more words at each successive fixation. All these exercises are very clever, but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently. Reading requires the ability to understand the relationship between words. Consequently, for these reasons, many experts have now begun to question the usefulness of eye training, especially since any approach which trains a person to read isolated words and phrases would seem unlikely to help him in reading a continuous text.
52. The time of the recognition span can be affected by the following facts except ________ .
A. one’s familiarity with the text
B. one’s purpose in reading
C. the length of a group of words
D. lighting and tiredness
53. The author may believe that reading ______.
A. requires a reader to take in more words at each fixation
B. requires a reader to see words more quickly
C. demands an deeply-participating mind
D. demands more mind than eyes
54. What does the author mean by saying “but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently.” in the second parapraph?
A. The ability to see words is not needed when an efficient reading is conducted.
B. The reading exercises mentioned can’t help to improve both the ability to see and to comprehend words.
C. The reading exercises mentioned can’t help to improve an efficient reading.
D. The reading exercises mentioned has done a great job to improve one’s ability to see words.
55. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. The visual span is a word or a group of words we see each time.
B. Many experts began to question the efficiency of eye training.
C. The emphasis on the purely visual aspects is misleading.
D.The eye training will help readers in reading a continuous text.
56. The tune of the author in writing this article is ________
A critical
B neutral
C prssimistic
D optimistic
【答案及详解】
答案：CCCDA
52 C。事实细节题。第一段提到了影响视幅的因素：不同的人，不同的阅读目的，对材料的熟悉程度，光线，疲劳。C“一组词的长度”不是能影响视幅的因素，是本题的答案。
53 C。观点态度题。作者在第二段第二句提到，眼睛训练课程只注重了阅读的视觉因素。倒数第二句书哦，阅读要求具备理解单词间关系的能力。因此选项C“阅读需要大脑的深度参与”正确。作者没有否定阅读的视觉因素的必要性，但是也没有说读者应该练习拓宽视幅，加快阅读速度。所以AB两项都不正确。作者没有对大脑和眼睛在阅读过程中的重要性进行对比，所以不选D
54 C。 作者在这句话中先是肯定了那些阅读练习提高看单词的能力，然后提出了有效阅读概念。后面句中还指出，有效阅读需要的是理解单词间的联系的能力。所以作者的意思应该是那些(训练眼睛的)阅读练习对与有效的阅读无益。B与文章相反。D句是蕴涵其中一个意思，却不是作者想表达的方向。
55 D。 第二段最后一句说，眼睛训练对于帮助读者阅读连贯文章无益，所以D是错的，是本题答案。
56 A。 参考前面的结构剖析，作者写本文的主要目的是对那些只关注阅读的视觉因素的阅读能力课程进行批判，所以答案应该是A。
翻译题
和平稳定是发展的前提和基础。上个世纪，人类经历了两次世界大战，生灵涂炭， 经济社会发展遭受严重挫折。第二次世界大战结束以来，世界经济能够快速增长，主要 得益于相对和平稳定的国际环境。
我们应该恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则，充分发挥联合国及其安理会在维护和平、缔 造和平、建设和平方面的核心作用。坚持通过对话和协商，以和平方式解决国际争端。
我们应该坚持国家不论大小、强弱、贫富都是国际社会平等一员，以民主、包容、 合作、共赢的精神实现共同安全，做到一国内部的事情一国自主办、大家共同的事情大 家商量办，坚定不移奉行多边主义和国际合作，推进国际关系民主化。
参考译文
和平稳定是发展的前提和基础。上个世纪，人类经历了两次世界大战，生灵涂炭， 经济社会发展遭受严重挫折。第二次世界大战结束以来，世界经济能够快速增长，主要得益于相对和平稳定的国际环境。
Peace and stability form the prerequisite and foundation for development. The two world wars in the last century caused mankind untold sufferings and world economic and social development severe setbacks. It is mainly due to the relatively peaceful and stable international environment that the world economy has been able to grow at a fast pace in the post-war era.
“和平稳定”固定说法：peace and stability
"得益于"用了句型 it is due to...
我们应该恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则，充分发挥联合国及其安理会在维护和平、缔 造和平、建设和平方面的核心作用。坚持通过对话和协商，以和平方式解决国际争端。
We should abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and bring into full play the central role of the United Nations and its Security Council in peace keeping, peace making and peace building. We should seek peaceful settlement of international disputes through dialogue and consultation.
“宗旨和原则”固定说法：the purposes and principles
我们应该坚持国家不论大小、强弱、贫富都是国际社会平等一员，以民主、包容、 合作、共赢的精神实现共同安全，做到一国内部的事情一国自主办、大家共同的事情大 家商量办，坚定不移奉行多边主义和国际合作，推进国际关系民主化。
All countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community. We should work for common security in a spirit of democracy, inclusiveness, cooperation and win-win progress. Internal affairs of a country should be handled independently by the country itself and international affairs should be managed collectively through consultation by all. We should be committed to multilateralism and international cooperation, and promote democracy in international relations.
“国际社会”固定说法：international community