写作：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Young People Should Have Combatant Spirit. You should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the outline given below:
1)现在很多年轻人缺乏拼搏精神
2)导致这一问题的原因是什么
3)大学生应该加强拼搏精神
【思路点拨】
本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点要求指出一个问题，指纲第2点要求分析导致该问题的原因，提纲第3点要求说明如何解决该问题，由此可判断本文应为问题解决型作文。
根据所给提纲，本文应包含以下内容：描述年轻人缺乏拼搏精神的现状;分析导致这一问题的原因;说明大学生应该如何加强拼搏精神。
【参考范文】
Young People Should Have Combatant Spirit
Nowadays, quite a few people believe that combatant spirit is essential for one’s success in today’s competitive world. However, some young people today think nothing of this spirit which，in their opinion, is only needed in revolutionary age. Even worse, when facing the difficulties, they will choose to yield or cower without making any efforts.
There are many factors resulting in young people’s lack of combatant spirit. Among these, comfortable living environment plays a vital role. Today’s parents provide nearly everything to the children, which results in the children’s lack of motivation for striving on their own. What’s more, the present education system does not pay much attention to help the young people build up the combatant spirit.
Considering the importance of combatant spirit, I think it is high time to take effective measures to strengthen young people’s combatant spirit. Above all, parents shouldn’t spoil their children and should ask their children to strive for what they intend to obtain. Moreover, schools should build a better environment for students to develop their struggle and aggressive spirit. Besides, young people themselves should adjust their minds and follow the examples of those people in history or around us who achieve their success under the stimulation of combatant spirit. In a word, it is an urgent thing for today’s young people to enhance combatant spirit.
阅读理解
Women who apply for jobs in middle or senior management have a higher success rate than men, according to an employment survey. But of course far fewer of them apply for these positions. The study, by recruitment (征召新成员) consultants NB Selection, shows that while one in six men who appear on interview shortlist get jobs, the figure rises to one in four for women.
Reasons for higher success rates among women are difficult to isolate. One explanation suggested is that if a woman candidate manages to get on a shortlist, then she has probably already proved herself to be an exceptional candidate. Dr. Marx said that when women apply for positions they tend to be better qualified than their male counterparts but are more selective and conservative in their job search. Women tend to research thoroughly before applying for positions or attending interviews. Men, on the other hand, seem to rely on their ability to sell themselves and to convince employers that any shortcomings they have will not prevent them from doing a good job.
Managerial and executive progress made by women is confirmed by the annual survey of boards of directors carried out by Korn International. This year the survey shows a doubling of the number of women serving as non-executive directors compared with the previous year. However, progress remains painfully slow and there were still only 18 posts filled by women out of a total of 354 non-executive positions surveyed.
In Europe a recent feature of corporate life in the recession has been the de-layering of management structures. Hilary Sears said that this has halted progress for women in as much as de-layering has taken place either where women are working or in layers they aspire to. Sears also noted a positive trend from the recession, which has been the growing number of women who have started up on their own.
In business as a whole, there are a number of factors encouraging the prospect of greater equality in the workforce. Demographic trends suggest that the number of women going into employment is steadily increasing. In addition a far greater number of women are now passing through higher education, making them better qualified to move into management positions. Organizations such as the European Women's Management Development Network provide a range of opportunities for women to enhance their skills and contacts.
However, Ariane Antal, director of the International Institute for Organization Change for Archamps in France, said that there is only anecdotal evidence of changes in recruitment patterns. And she said: "It's still so hard for women to even get on to shortlists -there are so many hurdles and barriers." She agreed that there have been some positive signs but said: "Until there is a belief among employers, until they value the difference, nothing will change."
47. From the passage, we can see that males applicants ______ female applicants for top posts.
48. Women are more ______ than men when they apply for positions or attending interviews.
49. What aspect of company structuring has disadvantaged women in getting management positions?
50. According to Sears; the number of female-run business is ______.
51. Which group of people should change their attitude to recruitment so as to have a greater equality in the workforce?
答案47. exceed/are more than 48. well-prepared/better qualified 49. De-layering. 50. increasing/on the increase
51. The employers. /Employers.
The radical transformation of the Soviet society had a profound impact on women's lives. Marxists had traditionally believed that both capitalism and the middle-class husbands exploited women. The Russian Revolution of 1917 immediately proclaimed complete equality of rights for women. In the 1920s divorce and abortion were made easily available, and women were urged to work outside the home and liberate themselves sexually. After Stalin came to power, sexual and familial liberation was played down, and the most lasting changes for women involved work and education.
These changes were truly revolutionary. Young women were constantly told that they had to be equal to men, that they could and should do everything men could do. Peasant women in Russia had long experienced the equality of backbreaking physical labor in the countryside, and they continued to enjoy that equality on collective farms. With the advent of the five-year-plans, millions of women also began to toil in factories and in heavy construction, building dams, roads and steel mills in summer heat and winter frost. Most of the opportunities open to men through education were also open to women. Determined women pursued their studies and entered the ranks of the better-paid specialists in industry and science. Medicine practically became a woman's profession. By 1950, 75 percent of doctors in the Soviet Union were women.
Thus Stalinist society gave woman great opportunities but demanded great sacrifices as well. The vast majority of women simply had to work outside the home. Wages were so law that it was almost impossible for a family or couple to live only on the husband's earnings. Moreover, the fun-time working woman had a heavy burden of household tasks in her off hours, for most Soviet men in the 1930s still considered the home and the children the woman's responsibility. Men continued to monopolize the best jobs. Finally, rapid change and economic hardship led to many broken families, creating further physical, emotional, and mental strains for women. In any event, the often-neglected human resource of women was mobilized in Stalinist society.
52. The main idea of this passage is that women in Stalinist society ______.
A) had economic opportunities that had never been available before
B) had difficulty balancing their work and family responsibilities
C) had new opportunities but also many hardships D) moved quickly into the highest levels of government
53. In the last paragraph, "monopolize" probably means ______.
A) hold B) earn C) leave D) pay
54. The author's main purpose in writing this passage is to ______.
A) compare different systems of government B) tell stories about women in Soviet Union
C) amuse the reader D) provide information
55. The author's tone in this passage can best be described as ______.
A) disapproving B) emotional C) objective D) sympathetic
56. We can conclude that the economic and social status of women in Stalinist society ______.
A) had been improved B) was worse than before C) had not Changed much D) was better than that in capitalistic countries
答案CADCA
The General Electric Company, often criticized for the complexity of its structure and the resulting opacity of its numbers, said yesterday that it would break GE Capital, by far its largest business, into four businesses. The reorganization effectively eliminates the job of Denis J. Nayden, 48, the chairman of GE Capital. Each of the new units will have its own chief, who Will report directly to Jeffrey R. Immelt, G. E.'s chairman. "The reason for doing this is simple. I want more direct contact with the financial services teams," Mr. Immelt said.
The new businesses are GE Commercial Finance, GE Insurance, SE Consumer Finance and GE Equipment Management. Some support functions within GE Capital, including risk management and treasury, will now report to Dennis Dammerman, 57, a G. E. vice chairman who preceded Mr. Nayden as GE Capital's chlef. Mr, Nayden will remain at G. E. as an adviser for now, but is expected to leave shortly to start a financial services firm.
Mr. Dammerman insisted that the reorganization had nothing to do with the increasing clamor from investors, regulators and the news media for greater transparency in accounting and for chief executives to take more responsibility for businesses: Analysts seem to believe him. "This is just what it appears to be, a managerial, reorganization which gives leaders more direct access to the office of the chairman," said Martin A. Sankey, a G. E. analyst.
The executives leading the new units will also sit on G.. E. 's corporate executive council, a committee made up of the company's top 25 executives, which meets periodically and discusses various strategic and management issues.
GE Capital, the company's largest nit, provided $55 billion of G. E. 's $124 billion in revenue last year and $ 5.6 billion of its $19.7 billion in pretax profits. The rest of G. E. had been divided into 11 other businesses, many of them--lighting and appliances are examples-much smaller than the new GE Capital units, yet each run by someone who reports directly to the chairman. Mr. Dammermn said that Mr. Immelt began talking about breaking GE Capital into more manageable pieces as soon as he took over as chief executive last September. "Jeff didn't like the extra layer between him and the GE Capital businesses,"
G. E. has tried to make GE Capital less mysterious to 'the outside world. Although GE Capital was officially one unit, it had begun to report quarterly results in live product-related segments--a number that will be reduced to four with the new organization. And analysts say GE Capital's management has been more accessible than it was in past years, and that Mr. Immelt and other G. E. corporate executives have been willing to discuss GE Capital in more depth.
57. After the reorganization, GE will have altogether ______.
A) six businesses B) sixteen businesses C) four businesses . D) fifteen businesses
58. Which of the following statements is NOT true of Dennis Dammerman?
A) He is now a GE's vice chairman. B) He is expected to leave GE to start a new financial services firm.
C) He was once the chairman of GE Capital. D) He regards the reorganization of GE as an initiative of its own.
59. All the following statements are False of Denis Nayden EXCEPT that ______.
A) the reorganization makes him lose his position as a chairman B) he will remain for some time at GE as an analyst
C) he is currently GE's chairman D) he is expected to start a new GE financial firm in the near future
60. The reorganization will enable GE's chief executive to ______.
A) quiet down the unrest in the world B) work in a more friendly business environment
C) have more direct contact with GE's financial services teams D) appear less mysterious to the outside world
61. The General Electric Capital ______.
A) is divided into five product-related segments now B) provided more than 1/3 of GE's revenue last year
C) is going to be broken into more businesses D) now has smaller units than all other businesses in GE
答案 DBACB
Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates recently told the nation’s governors that America high school education is “obsolete”. He said, “When I compare our high schools to what I see when I’m traveling abroad, I am terrified for our workforce of tomorrow. In 2001, India graduate almost a million more students from college than the Unites States did. China graduates twice as many students with bachelor’s degrees as the US and has six times as many graduates majoring in engineering. America is falling behind.”
Gates was describing a global economy in which the chance to move up into a better economic life is slipping overseas, along with jobs that can be performed anywhere----manufacturing in China, technology support in India, online order fulfillment across borders. The Internet brings Bhutan and Bangalore just as close to our offices and living rooms as Boise. Maybe closer.
Our children’s competitors are not the other schools in the district or the state or even the nation. They are the technologically literate young people in Taiwan, India, Korea, and other developing nations. For today’s American students , learning and retraining will be a lifelong experience.
In The World Is Flat, a recent book analyzing the shift in the global economy, Thomas Friedman points out that the dot. com bubble inspired a massive outlay (花费) of capital to connect the continents. Undersea cable, universal software, high-tech imagery, and Google have erased geography. College graduates in Latin America, Central Asia, India, China, and Russia can do the information work Americans used to count on---in many cases better and in all cases cheaper.
We are burning through reliable careers for our young people at high speed as technology relieves us of the tedium of repetitive work. The robots that vacuum our floors today will be filling out teeth tomorrow. Even jobs at Wal-Mart are endangered. Have you seen the self-check-out lanes? No cashiers required.
To be competitive now, US students must develop sophisticated critical thinking and analytical skills to manage the conceptual nature of work they will do. They will need to be able to recognize patterns, create narrative, and imagine solutions to problems we have yet to discover. They will have to see the big picture and ask the big questions. How many high schools do you know that are nurturing minds like that?
Are we supplying the conditions in our schools to create a new crop of original thinkers? Are we making sure of our curricula and instructional programs are not relegated (降级) for repetitive practice, gathering and organizing information, remediation, and test preparation? Are we requiring all students to use their minds well to construct knowledge , to inquire, to invent, to make meaning and relevance out of their learning? Hardly.
57. Bill Gates believes that the American high schools are obsolete in than schools in many other countries
58. According to the author, the challenge on American schools comes from the progression of
59. By saying that “ Undersea cable, universal software, high-tech imagery, and Google have erased geography.” ( Line3-4, Para. 4), the author means that has enabled many jobs to be done anywhere.
60. In order to compete with overseas students, American children will probably have to strengthen .
61. The last paragraph calls readers’ attention to confronting the current American education system.
答案47. graduating less students 48. globalization of economy 49. information technology 50. the ability of innovation
61. some existing problems
翻译
中国瓷
请将下面这段话翻译成英文：唐朝时期，人们就在昌南建造窑坊(kiln),烧制出一种青白瓷(bluish white porcelain)。青白瓷色彩晶莹，有“人造玉器”的美称，因而远近闻名，并大量出口欧洲。当时，欧洲人还不会制造瓷器，因此中国特别是昌南镇的瓷器很受欢迎。 在欧洲，昌南镇瓷器是备受珍爱的贵重物品，人们以能获得一件昌南镇瓷器为荣。因此，欧洲人就以“昌南”作为瓷器和生产瓷器的“中国”的代称。久而久之，欧洲人就把昌南的本意忘却了，只记得它是“瓷器”，即“中国”了。
参考译文：In the Tang Dynasty, people started to build kilns to make bluish white porcelain in Changnan. The bluish white porcelain was glittering and had the reputation of artificial jade, so it became famous home and abroad and was exported to Europe in large amount. At that time, Europeans were not able to make porcelain,so porcelain from China，especially from Changnan，was warmly welcomed. In Europe，porcelain from Changnan was luxurious article cherished by everyone, and obtaining even one piece of it would make people feel very proud. In this way，Europeans used Changnan as the code name for china (porcelain) and the place of its production，China. Gradually, Europeans forgot the original meaning of Changnan，only remembering it is “china”，namely“China”.
词句点拨1.烧制出一种青白瓷:可译为make bluish white porcelain， 烧制可译为 make，“青白色的”可译为bluish white。2.色彩晶萤:可译为glittering,意为“闪闪发光的”。3.远近闻名:可译为be famous home and abroad。4.以…为荣:即be proud of,文中译为…make people feel proud。5.久而久之:理解为“逐渐地”，可用gradually来表达。6.只记得它是瓷器:根据前后句，本句可译为only remembering it is “china”, 用现在分词作状语来表达。