数据结构教程第十七课实验三:栈的表示与实现及栈的应用
教学目的: 掌握栈的存储表示方式和栈基本操作的实现方法
教学重点: 栈的基本操作实现方法,栈的应用
教学难点: 栈的存储表示
实验内容:
一、栈的实现
实现栈的顺序存储。
栈实现示例
#include<stdio.h>
#include<malloc.h>
#include<conio.h>
#define ERROR 0
#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0
#define OK 1
#define EQUAL 1
#define OVERFLOW -1
#define STACK_INIT_SIZE 100
#define STACKINCREMENT 10
typedef int Status ;
struct STU{
char name[20];
char stuno[10];
int age;
int score;
};
typedef struct STU SElemType;
struct STACK
{
SElemType *base;
SElemType *top;
int stacksize;
};
typedef struct STACK SqStack;
typedef struct STACK *pSqstack;
Status InitStack(SqStack **S);
Status DestroyStack(SqStack *S);
Status ClearStack(SqStack *S);
Status StackEmpty(SqStack S);
int StackLength(SqStack S);
Status GetTop(SqStack S,SElemType *e);
Status Push(SqStack *S,SElemType e);
Status Pop(SqStack *S,SElemType *e);
Status StackTraverse(SqStack S,Status (*visit)());
Status InitStack(SqStack **S)
{
(*S)=(SqStack *) malloc(sizeof(SqStack));
(*S)->base=(SElemType *)malloc(STACK_INIT_SIZE *sizeof(SElemType));
if(!(*S)->base)exit(OVERFLOW);
(*S)->top=(*S)->base;
(*S)->stacksize=STACK_INIT_SIZE;
return OK;
}
Status DestroyStack(SqStack *S)
{
free(S->base);
free(S);
}
Status ClearStack(SqStack *S)
{
S->top=S->base;
}
Status StackEmpty(SqStack S)
{
if(S.top==S.base) return TRUE;
else
return FALSE;
}
int StackLength(SqStack S)
{
int i;
SElemType *p;
i=0;
p=S.top;
while(p!=S.base)
{p++;
i++;
}
}
Status GetTop(SqStack S,SElemType *e)
{
if(S.top==S.base) return ERROR;
*e=*(S.top-1);
return OK;
}
Status Push(SqStack *S,SElemType e)
{
/*
if(S->top - S->base>=S->stacksize)
{
S->base=(SElemType *) realloc(S->base,
(S->stacksize + STACKINCREMENT) * sizeof(SElemType));
if(!S->base)exit(OVERFLOW);
S->top=S->base+S->stacksize;
S->stacksize += STACKINCREMENT;
}
*/
*(S->top++)=e;
return OK;
}
Status Pop(SqStack *S,SElemType *e)
{
if(S->top==S->base) return ERROR;
*e=*--S->top;
return OK;
}
Status StackPrintElem(SElemType * e)
{
printf("%s %s %d %d\n",e->name,e->stuno,e->age,e->score);
}
Status StackTraverse(SqStack S,Status (*visit)())
{
while(S.top!=S.base)
visit(--S.top);
}
main()
{
SElemType e;
SqStack *Sa;
clrscr();
printf("\n\n-------------------SqStack Demo is running...----------------\n\n");
printf("First is Push function.\n");
InitStack(&Sa);
strcpy(e.name,"stu1");
strcpy(e.stuno,"100001");
e.age=80;
e.score=1000;
printf(" Now Stack is Empty.\n");
StackTraverse(*Sa,StackPrintElem);
Push(Sa,e);
printf(" Now Stack has one element.\n");
StackTraverse(*Sa,StackPrintElem);
strcpy(e.name,"stu3");
strcpy(e.stuno,"100002");
e.age=80;
e.score=1000;
Push(Sa,e);
printf(" Now Stack has another element.\n");
StackTraverse(*Sa,StackPrintElem);
printf(" Now Pop Stack,the top elem put into variable e.\n");
Pop(Sa,&e);
printf("%s\n%s\n%d\n%d\n",e.name,e.stuno,e.age,e.score);
printf(" Let’s see the left of Stack’s elem:\n");
StackTraverse(*Sa,StackPrintElem);
getch();
printf("\n\n\nWelcom to visit}
二、栈的应用1、利用栈实现数制转换 2、利用栈实现单行编辑以上任选一题。数制转换示例#include<stdio.h>
#include<malloc.h>
#include<conio.h>
typedef int SElemType;
#include "stack.h"
Status visit(SElemType * e)
{
printf(" %d ", *e);
}
void conversion()
{
pSqStack S;
SElemType e;
int n;
InitStack(&S);
printf("Input a number to convert to OCT:\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
if(n<0)
{
printf("\nThe number must be over 0.");
return;
}
if(!n) Push(S,0);
while(n){
Push(S,n%8);
n=n/8;
}
printf("the result is: ");
while(!StackEmpty(*S)){
Pop(S,&e);
printf("%d",e);
}
}
main()
{
printf("\n\n\n\n");
conversion();
getch();
printf("\n\nWelcome to visit http://zmofun.yeah.net !");
}单行编辑示例#include<string.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<malloc.h>
#include<conio.h>
#define EOFILE ’`’
typedef char SElemType;
#include "stack.h"
Status visit(SElemType * e)
{
printf("%c", *e);
}
char OP[10]={’+’,’-’,’*’,’/’,’(’,’)’,’#’};
int precede[7][7]={
1,1,2,2,2,1,1,
1,1,2,2,2,1,1,
1,1,1,1,2,1,1,
1,1,1,1,2,1,1,
2,2,2,2,2,3,0,
1,1,1,1,0,1,1,
2,2,2,2,2,0,3};
int In(char c,char *op)
{
int i=0;
while(i<7)
if(c==op[i++])
return 1;
return 0;
}
char Precede(char op,char c)
{
int pos_op;
int pos_c;
int i;
for(i=0;i<7;i++)
{
if(op==OP[i]) pos_op=i;
if(c==OP[i]) pos_c=i;
}
switch(precede[pos_op][pos_c])
{
case 1: return ’>’;
case 2: return ’<’;
case 3: return ’=’;
}
}
char Operate(int a,char theta,int b)
{
switch(theta)
{
case ’+’:return a+b-’0’;
case ’-’:return a-b+’0’;
case ’*’:return (a-’0’)*(b-’0’)+’0’;
case ’/’:return (a-’0’)/(b-’0’)+’0’;
}
}
char EvaluateExpression()
{
SqStack *OPND,*OPTR;
char c,x,theta;
char a,b;
InitStack(&OPTR); Push(OPTR,’#’);
InitStack(&OPND);
c=getchar();
while(c!=’#’||GetTop(*OPTR)!=’#’)
{
if(!In(c,OP))
{Push(OPND,c);c=getchar();}
else
switch(Precede(GetTop(*OPTR),c))
{
case ’<’:
Push(OPTR,c);
c=getchar();
break;
case ’=’:
Pop(OPTR,&x);
c=getchar();
break;
case ’>’:
Pop(OPTR,&theta);
Pop(OPND,&b); Pop(OPND,&a);
Push(OPND,Operate(a,theta,b));
break;
}
}
c=GetTop(*OPND);
DestroyStack(OPTR);
DestroyStack(OPND);
return c;
}
main()
{
char i;
printf("\n\n\n\nOnly within 0..9 evaluation,input a expression end with symbol #:\n");
i=EvaluateExpression();
printf("\nThis expression’s result is: ");
printf("%d\n\n\n\n",i-’0’);
printf("\n\nWelcome to visit http://zmofun.yeah.net !");
}这里是实现栈的头文件 #include "simuc.h"
#define OVERFLOW -1
#define STACK_INIT_SIZE 100
#define STACKINCREMENT 10
typedef int Status;
struct STACK
{
SElemType *base;
SElemType *top;
int stacksize;
};
typedef struct STACK SqStack;
typedef struct STACK *pSqStack;
Status InitStack(SqStack **S);
Status DestroyStack(SqStack *S);
Status ClearStack(SqStack *S);
Status StackEmpty(SqStack S);
int StackLength(SqStack S);
SElemType GetTop(SqStack S);
Status Push(SqStack *S,SElemType e);
Status Pop(SqStack *S,SElemType *e);
Status StackTraverse(SqStack S,Status (*visit)());
Status InitStack(SqStack **S)
{
(*S)=(SqStack *)malloc(sizeof(SqStack));
(*S)->base=(SElemType *)malloc(STACK_INIT_SIZE *sizeof(SElemType));
if(!(*S)->base)exit(OVERFLOW);
(*S)->top=(*S)->base;
(*S)->stacksize=STACK_INIT_SIZE;
return OK;
}
Status DestroyStack(SqStack *S)
{
free(S->base);
free(S);
}
Status ClearStack(SqStack *S)
{
S->top=S->base;
}
Status StackEmpty(SqStack S)
{
if(S.top==S.base) return TRUE;
else
return FALSE;
}
int StackLength(SqStack S)
{
int i;
SElemType *p;
i=0;
p=S.top;
while(p!=S.base)
{p++;
i++;
}
}
SElemType GetTop(SqStack S)
{
if(S.top==S.base) return ERROR;
return *(S.top-1);
}
Status Push(SqStack *S,SElemType e)
{
/*
if(S->top - S->base>=S->stacksize)
{
S->base=(SElemType *) realloc(S->base,
(S->stacksize + STACKINCREMENT) * sizeof(SElemType));
if(!S->base)exit(OVERFLOW);
S->top=S->base+S->stacksize;
S->stacksize += STACKINCREMENT;
}
*/
*(S->top++)=e;
return OK;
}
Status Pop(SqStack *S,SElemType *e)
{
if(S->top==S->base) return ERROR;
*e=*(--(S->top));
return OK;
}
Status StackTraverse(SqStack S,Status (*visit)())
{
while(S.top>S.base)
visit(--S.top);
}